US History Practice Test

Letter B marks the location of:
1. New Hampshire
2. Connecticut
3. Rhode Island
4. Massachusetts
Letter F marks the location of
1. Pennsylvania
2. Connecticut
3. Rhode Island
4. Massachusetts
The legislative assembly established in the 1640's in Virginia, now known as the General Assembly of Virginia, was the
1. Parliament
2. House of Burgesses
3. Continental Congress
4. House of Representatives
In 1619, African slavery was introduced to the Southern colonies and in the Caribbean because:
1. the tobacco plantations required a large labor force
2. these areas needed to have new markets opened in Africa
3. raw materials and natural resources were scarce in the Americas
4. eighty-five percent of European settlers returned to England within one year
The middle colonies had more diverse lifestyles than New England or the Southern colonies because they had a greater variety of:
1. climate
2. geography
3. cultural groups
4. political systems
Characteristics of the New England colonies included all of the following EXCEPT:
1. formation of covenant communities
2. intolerance of religious beliefs differing from Puritanism
3. acquisitions of large land grants from the King of England
4. desire for economic opportunity as well as religious and political freedom.
Early European contact devastated Native American populations by introducing
1. alcoholism
2. infectious disease
3. manufactured goods
4. weapons that used gun powder
The early colonists who worked for a specific number of years in exchange for their passage to America were called:
1. slaves
2. patrons
3. indentured servants
4. sharecroppers
The main economic activities of the New England colonies were
1. shipbuilding and fishing
2. mining and plantation farming
3. agriculture and mining
4. ironworks and agriculture
In which region were agriculture and plantation life most prevalent?
1. the middle colonies
2. the Southern colonies
3. the New England colonies
4. the western colonies
Labor in the Southern colonies was in high demand because
1. most British cities were unpopulated
2. agriculture was the main economic activity
3. good farm land was in short supply
4. of a need to make more land available for cattle farming
The Great Awakening of the 18th Century was a(n)
1. movement supporting public education
2. intellectual renaissance
3. industrial revolution
4. religious revival
Settlers of Virginia included all of the following EXCEPT
1. indentured servants seeking passage to the New World
2. small farmers and artisans settling in the Shenandoah Valley
3. Puritans seeking refuge from religious persecution from the Quakers
4. English nobility, known as "Cavaliers", provided with large land grants.
All of the following are TRUE concerning large landowners in the Eastern lowlands of Virginia EXCEPT
1. they dominated the colonial government and society in their region
2. they enjoyed a high social status due to their family heritage and ownership of land
3. they developed a community based on religious beliefs and Bible literacy
4. they maintained a strong allegiance to the Church of England and close social ties to England.
The event which led to the growth of the Methodist and Baptist religions and which challenged the premise of an established church as well as the governmental order was
1. The Mayflower Compact
2. The Great Awakening
3. Bacon's Rebellion
4. The Zenger Trial
What replaced the system of indentured servitude?
1. Slavery
2. Tenancy
3. Bondsmen
4. Sharecropping
Which of the following was NOT a cash crop of the Southern Colonies?
1. Tobacco
2. Wheat
3. Rice
4. Indigo
Letter M marks the location of
1. Virginia
2. Maryland
3. North Carolina
4. South Carolina
Letter L marks the location of
1. Pennsylvania
2. Delaware
3. Virginia
4. Maryland
In New England, the prevailing type of agriculture was
1. large plantations supporting non-food crops
2. grain cultivation
3. subsistence farming
4. small plantations for food crop sale
"Direct Democracy" is best illustrated by the
1. United States Congress
2. New England Town Meeting
3. House of Burgesses
4. English Parliament
The PRIMARY purpose of the Sugar, Stamp, and Tea Acts was to help Parliaments to
1. control smuggling in the West Indies by the colonists
2. hinder colonial self-government in Massachusetts and Virginia
3. pay for the French and Indian War debts as well as British troops sent to protect the colonists
4. work with the colonial legislatures in governing the thirteen American colonies
The British Act which prohibited colonial settlement west of the Appalachian Mountains because the region was too costly for the British to protect was the
1. Quebec Act
2. Declaratory Act
3. Navigation Act
4. Proclamation Act
Examples of American protest against British policies included all of the following EXCEPT
1. the staging of the Boston Tea Party
2. the tarring and feathering of British custom officials
3. the formation of the First Continental Congress
4. The deaths of several British officers during the Boston Massacre
All of the following are true of George Washington during the American Revolution EXCEPT
1. he was appointed Commander-in-Chief of the Continental Army by the Second Continental Congress
2. he avoided any situation that threatened the destruction of the Continental Army
3. he led the Continental Army at the Battles of Lexington and Concord and Bunker Hill
4. He managed to keep the Continental Army intact even when defeat of the American cause seemed inevitable
The First Continental Congress was significant due to its
1. success in gaining the repeal of the Stamp Act
2. recognition of King George III as a legal legislative assembly equal to that of Parliament
3. attendance by representatives form 12 of the 13 colonies, demonstrating colonial unity
4. reducing tension between Britain and Massachusetts following the Battle of Bunker Hill
The Declaration of Independence strongly reflected the earlier writings of
1. John Lock and Thomas Paine
2. John Adams and Thomas Jefferson
3. John Dickinson and Patrick Henry
4. Jean-Jacques Rousseau and Benjamin Franklin
British troops fired upon anti-British demonstrators during the
1. French and Indian War
2. Boston Massacre
3. Boston Tea Party
4. Burning of Norfolk
The greatest contribution Benjamin Franklin made to the colonial war effort was his work
1. negotiating an alliance with France
2. printing and distributing copies of Common Sense
3. representing the colonies in the British Parliament
4. training colonial citizens to become respectable soldiers in the Continental Army
The French Alliance provided the Continental Army with the aid of its army and navy in the Battle of:
1. Bunker Hill
2. Trenton
3. Saratoga
4. Yorktown
Fighting in Lexington and Concord broke out between British soldiers and:
1. German Hessians
2. New York Tories
3. French Mercenaries
4. Massachusetts "Minutemen."
All of the following are parts of the Declaration of Independence EXCEPT
1. a definition of peoples' natural rights
2. a description of the purpose of government
3. the establishment of an alliance with France
4. a list of grievances against the King of England
Cornwallis surrendered his army to Washington at the Battle of
1. Yorktown
2. Trenton
3. Bunker Hill
4. Princeton
The population at the beginning of the Revolution was divided almost equally between
1. Tories and Patriots
2. Protestants and Catholics
3. Those supporting England, France, and Spain
4. Tories, Patriots, and those uncommitted
The pamphlet, Common Sense, urged Americans to
1. declare their independence
2. boycott British goods
3. remain loyal to King George III
4. move to Canada
The person accused of being a tyrant in the Declaration of Independence was
1. George Washington
2. Benedict Arnold
3. William Pitt
4. George III
In the 1750's, the French became worried over possible British expansion into the
1. Canadian border lands
2. Connecticut Valley
3. Great Lakes
4. Ohio Valley
Here is an excerpt from a speech made at St. John's Church, Richmond, Virginia in March of 1775.

"The war is inevitable-and let it come! I repeat it, sir let it come!
It is in vain, sir, to extenuate the matter. Gentleman may cry, Peace, peace; but there is no peace. The war is actually begun. The next gale that sweeps from the north will bring it our ears the clash of resounding arms. Our brethren are already in the field. Why stand we hare idle? What would they have? If life so dear, or peace so sweet, as to be purchased at the price of chains and slavery? Forbid it, Almighty God! I know not what course other may take, but as for me-give me liberty, or give me death!"

Who was the author of this speech?
1. Patrick Henry
2. Thomas Jefferson
3. Richard Henry Lee
4. George Washington
Most colonists felt that British tax laws were unfair because
1. the Indians did not have to pay taxes
2. the colonists were paying higher taxes than people in Great Britain
3. the colonists had not representation of their own in Parliament
4. The French and Indian war was over
The Declaration of Independence stated that in a democracy, power comes from the
1. government
2. people
3. British
4. king
The battle which caused the French to sign the Franco-American alliance was
1. Bunker Hill
2. Saratoga
3. Trenton
4. Yorktown
"We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable rights that among these are life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness."

This quotation reflects the ideas mainly derived from
1. The Magna Carta
2. The divine right of monarch of Europe
3. John's Locke's theory of natural rights
4. Common Sense
The purpose of the Proclamation of 1763 was to
1. end the use of paper money as currency
2. give colonists control of the fur trade in the Ohio River Valley
3. enforce the Sugar Act
4. prevent conflict between the colonists and Indians west of the Appalachians
John Locke's theory of the social contract as developed in the United State's Declaration of Independence stated that
1. the people should revolt against the government that did not protect their rights
2. monarch should rule autocratically, but they had to grant certain rights to their subjects
3. legislatures should have more power than kings
4. the government should guarantee equal economic conditions for all people.
The national legislative branch, as defined in the US Constitution, would consist of

i. two-house (bi-cameral) legislature
ii. House of Representatives whose membership was based on the population of a state
iii. Senate whose membership was based on two Senators per state
1. i only
2. ii only
3. iii only
4. i and ii
5. i, ii, and iii
Those who supported the ratification of the United States' Constitution promised to add a Bill of Rights in order to
1. encourage economic development
2. prevent the return of English control over the new nation
3. increase the power of the national government over the states
4. persuade the Anti-Federalists to accept the Constitution
One way in which the United States Constitution differed from the Articles of Confederation was that the Constitution
1. created a national government having three branches
2. provided for the direct election of the President by voters
3. made the amendment process more difficult
4. increased the power of the states
George Washington's contribution to the Constitution were based on his
1. well-publicized writings outlining the political theories of John Locke
2. extensive study of various forms of government including republicanism and democracy
3. tremendous prestige as he presided over the Convention
4. abilities in oratory and debate
During the debate over the ratification of the Constitution, Federalists and Anti-Federalist disagreed MOST strongly over the
1. division of powers between the national and state governments
2. provision for admitting new states to the union
3. distribution of power between the Senate and the House of Representatives
4. method of amending the constitution
The Great Compromise and the Three-Fifths Compromise at the Constitutional Convention were both concerned with
1. regulation of interstate commerce
2. admission of new states into the Union
3. the future of slavery in the United States
4. representation in the Congress of the United States
The major reason the Bill of Rights was added to the Constitution was to
1. limit the power of the state governments
2. protect individual liberties from abuse by the federal government
3. provide for equal treatment of all people
4. separate powers between the three branches of government
Who is called the "Father of the Constitution?"
1. Thomas Jefferson
2. James Madison
3. George Washington
4. Benjamin Franklin
Under the Articles of Confederation, the lack of a strong national government to deal with national problems can best be explained by the
1. fear of the kind of rule experienced under the British
2. lack of concern for these national problems
3. absence of any feeling of American nationalism
4. failure to develop competent leaders
The Virginia Declaration of Rights was written by
1. James Madison
2. Thomas Jefferson
3. George Mason
4. George Washington
The Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom was written by
1. James Madison
2. Thomas Jefferson
3. George Mason
4. George Washington
The Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom and the Virginia Declaration of Rights both
1. influenced the creation of the US Bill of Rights
2. were weaker than similar provision in the Articles of Confederation
3. restricted the new freedoms obtained as a result of the Revolutionary War
4. were original ideas to the world by Virginia leaders
The Bill of Rights guarantees
1. safe borders
2. peace and freedom
3. the rights of individuals and states
4. the rights of banks and businesses
The weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation included the national governments inability to
i. raise and army
ii. establish a uniform currency
iii. regulate interstate and foreign trade
1. i
2. i and ii
3. ii and iii
4. i, ii, and iii
The system of checks and balances in the Constitution allows each government branch to
1. function independently
2. impeach members of the other branches
3. make its own laws
4. stop other branches from becoming too powerful
The Federalist Papers were written in support of the
1. Constitution
2. Cabinet Structure
3. Articles of Confederation
4. Northwest Ordinance
The Three-Fifth's Compromise, which became part of our Constitution, related to
1. the metric system
2. slavery
3. the tariff
4. the election of the President
The First Amendment of the Constitution guarantees all citizens the right to
1. a fair trial
2. free speech
3. bear arms
4. refuse to testify against themselves
Anti-Federalists criticized the United States' Constitution primarily because governing power was concentrated in the
1. state legislatures
2. President's Cabinet
3. delegates to the Constitution Convention
4. National Government
Which of the following statements does NOT accurately depict the Federalist position favoring ratification of the Constitution?
1. The checks and balances system was designed to prevent the three branches from acquiring preponderant power.
2. A strong national government was necessary to facilitate interstate commerce and to manage foreign trade, national defense, and foreign relations.
3. A Bill of Rights was necessary in order to protect individual and states' rights already established in the state governments.
4. The development of political factions would prevent any one branch from gaining too much power thus allowing a republic to survive.
Anti-Federalists were advocates of all of the following EXCEPT
1. Strong state governments
2. adding the Bill of Rights to the Constitution
3. A strong executive
4. The common man
The Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom did all of the following EXCEPT
1. separated church and state in Virginia
2. prohibited the "established" church in Virginia
3. established the principle of religious liberty
4. required citizens of Virginia to attend church every week
The Constitution provided for all of the following EXCEPT
1. establishing federal law as the Supreme Law of the land while giving states considerable power to govern themselves
2. creating an unequal balance of power between large and small states with the creation of a unicameral legislature
3. developing a system of numerous checks and balances between three co-equal branches of government in order to avoid a too powerful central government
4. placating the Southern states by counting slaves as 3/5's of the population when determining representation in the House of Representatives
The Election of 1800 was MOST significant due to
1. its requiring changes to the electoral process
2. is resulting in the demise of the Federalist Party
3. its vice-residential candidate was convicted of murdering Alexander Hamilton
4. its being the first instance of political power being transferred peacefully from one political party to another
All of the following are accurate statements concerning Andrew Jackson and the Bank of the United States EXCEPT
1. Jackson's reelection in 1832 brought an end to the bank
2. Jackson believed the Bank of the united States to be an undemocratic institution
3. Jackson established "pet banks" in several states after withdrawing federal funds form the Bank of the United States
4. Jackson succeeding in stabilizing the US economy by making federal fund available to all Americans
Which of the following statement is NOT accurate concerning the Monroe Doctrine?
1. The American continents were not to be considered as open to future colonization by any European powers
2. Nations in the Western Hemisphere were the same as Europe’s due to their shard republicanism
3. The United States would consider an European attempt to impose their system of Government on any independent state in the Western Hemisphere as a threat to United States Security
4. The United States pledged not to interfere in European affairs.
All of the following are associated with the Women's Suffrage Movement in the 1800's EXCEPT it
1. achieved voting rights for women in presidential elections by the turn of the century
2. was led by Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony before and after the Civil War
3. developed a declaration of women’s rights at the Seneca Falls Convention in New York
4. was another reform movement established during Jacksonian Democracy.
The Northern states developed an economic system based on all of the following EXCEPT
1. industrial economy based on manufacturing
2. strict governmental laws protecting consumer rights
3. high protective tariffs to protect Northern manufacturers from foreign competition
4. use of federal funds to improve transportation and to construct factories and mills
Which of the following is a power granted to the President in order to prevent passage of legislation?
1. veto
2. impeachment
3. elastic clause
4. apportionment
The practice by which men were forced to serve as British sailors was known as
1. slavery
2. embargo
3. impressments
4. enlisting
Jefferson was the person most responsible for the ideas of the
1. Farewell Address
2. Federalist party
3. Democratic-Republican Party
4. Neutrality Proclamation
The Expeditionary Force was led by Lewis and Clark was guided by the Indian translator
1. Opechancanough
2. Pocahontas
3. Sacagawea
4. Squanto
The main reason northerners favored a high tariff was that such a tariff would
1. protect industry
2. encourage the purchase of foreign goods
3. provide tax revenues for the Federal government
4. encourage foreign nations to buy agricultural products
The Supreme Court can declare a law unconstitutional because of the principle of
1. Judicial Review
2. Due Process
3. Precedent
4. ex post facto
To what does "The Trail of Tears," refer?
1. The return journey of a runaway slave
2. The path of General Sherman's army through Georgia
3. The forced expulsion of Indians from the eastern part of the United States
The power of Judicial Review was established by
1. The Constitution
2. Case of Marbury vs. Madison
3. Case of McCulloch vs. Maryland
4. Case of Gibbons vs. Ogden
The United States obtained Florida from
1. Spain
2. Britain
3. France
4. Mexico
The spoils system is most associated with President
1. Jefferson
2. Monroe
3. Madison
4. Jackson
Which contributed to the election of Andrew Jackson in 1828?
1. Voters were tired of the Federalist party.
2. Voters wanted to register a protest against John Marshall's decisions
3. The importance of the west in national elections had increased
4. Andrew Jackson advocated the spoils system.
In McCulloch vs. Maryland, the Supreme Court decided that
1. states could NOT tax the federal government
2. interstate transportation was illegal
3. separate but equal facilities were unconstitutional
4. states could disobey federal laws if they chose to.
Before the Civil War, the South objected to high tariffs because they
1. kept the price of cotton low
2. increased the cost of slaves
3. increased the prices of manufactured goods
4. helped western farmers at the planters' expense.
During the first half of the 19th century, the right to vote was most generally extended by
1. lowering the voting age
2. removing property qualifications
3. outlawing poll taxes
4. amending the federal Constitution
The Missouri Compromise (1820)
1. drew an east-west line through the Louisiana Purchase, prohibiting slavery above that line, with the exception of Missouri
2. was developed by John C. Calhoun and abolished the slave trade in Missouri
3. permitted slavery throughout the Old Northwest Territory
4. Banned the publication of anti-slavery literature such as "Uncle Tom's Cabin" and "The Liberator."
According to President Polk, what was the nation's manifest destiny?
1. To extend to the Pacific Ocean
2. To become completely industrialized
3. To live in peace with its neighbors
California entered the Union as a free state in the
1. Dred Scott decision
2. Compromise of 1850
3. Kansas-Nebraska Act
4. Lincoln-Douglas debates
Which would have received the MOST support in the South?
1. The Wilmot Proviso
2. The Dred Scott Decision
3. The Missouri Compromise
4. John Brown's raid on Harpers Ferry
Westward expansion resulted in an increase in bitterness and threatened national unity due to
1. internal improvements
2. protective tariffs
3. immigration
4. slavery
New Southwestern Territories, acquired during the Mexican War, would decide whether to be a "free" or "slave" state according to the
1. Republican Party Platform
2. Missouri Compromise
3. Compromise of 1850
4. Dred Scott Decision
The abolitionist movement had the support of all of the following EXCEPT
1. William Lloyd Garrison
2. New England religious leaders
3. Harriet Beecher Stowe
4. Secessionists
Which of the following caused the first southern states to secede from the Union?
1. The Wilmot Provisio
2. The Dred Scott Decision
3. The Election of Abraham Lincoln
4. John Brown's raid on Harper's Ferry
Which abolitionist is INCORRECTLY paired?
1. William Lloyd Garrison-The Liberator
2. Harriot Tubman-The Underground Railroad
3. Harriet Beecher Stowe-Uncle Tom's Cabin
4. Frederick Douglass-Pottawatomie Creek Massacre
What is the name given to those who opposed slavery?
1. Popular sovereignists
2. Abolitionists
3. Nullificationists
4. Radicals
What is the site of a major battle in Texas' fight for independence?
1. The Alamo
2. The Brazoa River
3. The Guadalupe Mission
Which was a significant result of the Lincoln-Douglas debates?
1. Douglas failed to be reelected Senator
2. The Missouri Compromise was repealed
3. Lincoln supported the doctrine of popular sovereignty
4. Douglas lost the support of the south for the Presidency
In the 1850's Harriet Beecher Stowe wrote a novel that detailed the injustices experienced by
1. black slaves.
2. settlers in Kansas
3. the Plains Indians.
4. children in the textile mills.
What was Lincoln's MAIN goal at the beginning of the Civil War?
1. Save the Union
2. Free the slaves
3. Make peace with the South
Which of the following was a goal of the Republican Party in the years prior to the Civil War?
1. Abolish Slavery
2. Promote Slavery
3. Ignore the issue of slavery
4. Prohibit the extension of slavery
"Compromise enables Maine and Missouri to Enter Union" (1820)
"California Admitted to Union as Free State" (1850)
"Kansas-Nebraska Act Sets Up Popular Sovereignty" (1854)

Which issue is reflected in these headlines?
1. Enactment of protective tariffs
2. Extension of slavery
3. Voting rights for minorities
4. Universal public education
In the mid-1800's, which issue was regarded as a violation of Christian principles by many Americans?
1. slavery
2. public executions
3. established churches
4. universal manhood suffrage
The controversy over Federal power versus States' rights was basic cause of the
1. Revolutionary War
2. Civil War
3. Spanish-American War
4. Korean War
The territorial expansion of the United States before the Civil War became a matter for furious political debate because
1. Northerners were opposed to any expansion
2. the South would not send troops to acquire free territory.
3. additional states would tend to upset the sectional balance in the Senate.
4. no new territory would be admitted until the Texas controversy was settled.
All of the following accurately depict Southern attitudes EXCEPT they
1. believed that individual states could nullify Federal laws.
2. insisted that states entered the Union freely and could leave freely if they chose.
3. agreed with the Supreme Court decision in the Dred Scott case
4. refused to accept fugitive slave laws.
Which was the first state to secede from the Union
1. Mississippi
2. Georgia
3. Virginia
4. South Carolina
What letter represents the area that was jointly occupied by the U.S. and Britain before being split at the 49th parallel?
1. A
2. B
3. C
4. D
5. E
What letter represents the area obtained as a result of the Mexican War?
1. A
2. B
3. C
4. D
5. E
What letter represents the area that was an independent country before being annexed in 1845?
1. A
2. B
3. C
4. D
5. E
What letter represents the area obtained for the purpose of building a trans-continental railroad?
1. A
2. B
3. C
4. D
5. E
What letter represents Oregon?
1. A
2. B
3. C
4. D
5. E
What letter represents the Louisiana Purchase?
1. A
2. B
3. C
4. D
5. E
What letter represents the Gadsden Purchase?
1. A
2. B
3. C
4. D
5. E
What letter represents the Mexican Cession?
1. A
2. B
3. C
4. D
5. E
What advantage did the North LACK in fighting the Civil War?
1. Population
2. Industry
3. Financial resources
4. Defensive strategy
Which of the following was an advantage the Confederacy had over the Union
1. Better generals initially
2. A larger population
3. Numerous manufacturing plants
4. Powerful foreign allies
What was Sherman's strategy of total war in his march through Georgia?
1. To find and destroy Lee's army
2. To fire on civilians as well as soldiers
3. To disrupt the blockade
4. To destroy troops, fields, and factories
Abraham Lincolns' primary goal for his early Presidency was to
1. enforce the Emancipation Proclamation
2. preserve the Union
3. end slavery throughout the entire country
4. encourage sectionalism
Lincoln described the Civil War as a struggle to preserve a nation that was dedicated to the proposition that "all men are created equal" and that was ruled by a government "of the people, by the people, and for the people" in the
1. Constitution
2. Gettysburg Address
3. Emancipation Proclamation
4. Virginia and Kentucky Resolution
Which is NOT an accurate statement concerning Robert E. Lee?
1. He was a Virginian who won victories over the Union Forces at Fredericksburg and Chancellorsville.
2. He supported and encouraged the South's decision to secede from the Union.
3. He was the Commander of the Army of Northern Virginia.
4. He urged the South to accept defeat and reunite with the North after Appomattox.
What was Grant's strategy for winning the war?
1. Enlist African Americans in the army
2. Decisively defeat Lee in a major battle
3. Wear down Lee's army with his greater resources of troops and supplies.
A political reason as to why Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation was to
1. free all slaves throughout the nation
2. end the draft riots in the North
3. win the presidential election of 1862
4. assure British neutrality
Lee's surrender to Grant took place at
1. Antietam
2. Vicksburg
3. Gettysburg
4. Appomattox
Lincoln believed that
1. the United States was "one nation" and not a collection of sovereign states.
2. all states had the power to nullify federal laws.
3. the federal government was too powerful an it violated states' rights.
4. the Declaration of Independence legalized a states' right to secede from the Union.
Which of the following is NOT a correct statement?
1. Fort Sumter was the opening confrontation of the Civil War.
2. The Battle of Antietam resulted in the issuance of the Emancipation Proclamation.
3. The Battle of Chancellorsville was the turning point of the Civil War.
4. Appomattox was the site of Lee's surrender.
The Emancipation Proclamation did all of the following EXCEPT it
1. declared that slaves in "rebelling" Southern states were free
2. made the destruction of slavery a Northern war aim.
3. was issued after the decisive Union victory at Gettysburg.
4. discouraged any interference from foreign governments.
Lincoln's plan for Reconstruction could not be fully enacted due to his
1. failure to be reelected in 1864
2. assassination a few days after Lee's surrender
3. impeachment by the Radical Republicans
4. philosophy of punishing the South was not supported by Congress.
What was Lincoln's goal for Reconstruction?
1. Punish the South for secession and the war.
2. Heal wartime bitterness by quickly bringing the South back into the "Union.
3. Maintain a military presence in the South until the rights of African Americans were guaranteed.
4. Get freed blacks, carpetbaggers, and scalawags elected to office so that Republicans could continue to dominate the government.
The economic impact of the Civil war on the South included all of the following EXCEPT
1. the South appreciated the help of Northerners to rebuild the South following the war.
2. The South was left embittered and devastated by the war.
3. the South's factories, farms, railroads, and major cities were destroyed and lay in ruins.
4. The south remained a backwards agriculture-based economy and the poorest section of the nation for many decades.
The Fifteenth Amendment states
1. slavery was permanently abolished in the United States.
2. states were prohibited from denying equal rights under the law to any American.
3. voting rights were guaranteed regardless of "race, color, or previous condition of servitude."
Which country did the North fear might become an ally of the Confederacy?
1. Mexico
2. Great Britain
3. Russia
4. Spain
The 15th Amendment
1. abolished slavery
2. granted citizenship rights to blacks
3. gave the right to vote to black males.
4. guaranteed equal protection under the law to blacks.
The main purpose of the Homestead Act of 1862 was to
1. encourage settlement of public lands in the west.
2. provide land for building a transcontinental railroad.
3. raise revenue for the federal government.
4. maintain a balance between slave and free states.
How did the impeachment trial of Andrew Johnson turn out?
1. He was convicted and sent to prison.
2. He was convicted and removed from office.
3. He avoided conviction by one vote.
4. He was overwhelmingly found innocent.
Why was the Thirteenth Amendment passed?
1. To abolish slavery.
2. To give voting rights to blacks.
3. To set up black codes.
4. To redistribute land in the south.
What was the underlying cause of President Johnson's impeachment?
1. Corruption in his administration.
2. His power struggle with Congress.
3. His foreign policy.
4. A power struggle between the federal government and the states.
The citizenship rights of a person born or naturalized in the United States are protected by the
1. 12th Amendment
2. 13th Amendment
3. 14th Amendment
4. 15th Amendment
What is significant about Lincoln's Gettysburg Address?
1. It called for the South to surrender.
2. It freed the slaves throughout the United States.
3. It defined the nature of democratic government.
4. It instituted draft laws for the first time in U.S. History.
The controversy over Federal Power vs. States' Rights was a basic cause of the
1. Revolutionary War
2. Civil War
3. Spanish-American War
4. Korean War
This chart shows the Presidential Election results of 1860.

Which Candidate won the FEWEST popular votes?
1. John Bell
2. Stephen Douglas
3. Abraham Lincoln
4. John Breckinridge
This chart shows the Results of the Presidential Election of 1860

Although gaining APPROXIMATELY 1.4 million popular votes, this candidate ranked last in the outcome of the Election of 1860. This candidate was
1. John Bell
2. Stephen Douglas
3. Abraham Lincoln
4. John Breckenridge.
Results of the Presidential Election of 1860

What information provided in the chart determines the victor of the Election of 1860?
1. the number of popular votes
2. the number of electoral votes
3. the percentage of popular votes
Tenements were first built in the nineteenth century to
1. house the poor as cheaply as possible.
2. provide workers with healthful housing
3. provide the poor with a variety of services
4. provide work space for people who worked at home.
What did the imitative reform allow?
1. It allowed voters to propose legislation.
2. It allowed the legislature to remove the governor from office.
3. It allowed citizens to vote on laws proposed by the legislature.
4. It allowed voters to fire public officials.
The term "Muckraker" has been used to describe authors whose writing deal mainly with
1. criticizing the government's welfare policies.
2. publicizing Constitution issues relating to minority groups.
3. advancing the cause of press freedom.
4. exposing social conditions in need of reform.
Teddy Roosevelt's democratic program was referred to as
1. the Fair Deal.
2. the New Frontier.
3. the Square Deal.
4. the New Deal.
Which statement BEST represents Theodore Roosevelt's attitude toward trusts?
1. All trusts should be abolished.
2. There should be no interference with the organization of trusts.
3. The federal government should encourage the formation of trusts.
4. "Good" trusts should be allowed to exist but under government supervision.
The Women's Suffrage Movement during the Progressive Era
1. did little to impact the modern protest movement for women's rights.
2. discouraged women from entering the labor force during WWI until they received the right to vote.
3. resulted in the passage of the 19th Amendment in 1920.
4. succeeded in obtaining "equal pay for equal work" for women employed in steel factories.
The American "melting pot" refers to
1. the process of assimilation experienced by immigrants
2. the massive industrial output of the American nation
3. the method used by Henry Bessemer to strengthen steel
4. the active volcanoes located on the continental United States
The corporation was formed to
1. build monopolies
2. protect investors with limited liability
3. take advantage of the stock market
4. use federal funds to build factories
The founder of the American Federation of Labor was
1. Eugene V. Debs.
2. Samuel Gompers.
3. Uriah H. Stephens.
4. Terence Powderly.
All of the following were experienced by immigrants EXCEPT
1. children struggled to learn English and adopt American customs.
2. used schools to achieve their dream of becoming American citizens.
3. hardship and hostility due to prejudice against their religious and cultural differences.
4. living in integrated neighborhoods in suburbs surrounding the urban cites.
The Progressive Movement used the government to reform problems created by
1. Industrialization
2. The Civil War
3. Jim Crow Laws
4. Sectionalism
All of the following industrial cities grew into manufacturing and transportation centers during the industrial era EXCEPT
1. Chicago, Illinois.
2. Cleveland, Ohio.
3. Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
4. Portland, Oregon.
Garment workers put in long days in dark and unsafe
1. sweatshops
2. rural shacks
3. textile guilds
4. community centers.
What do citizens vote on in a referendum?
1. The federal budget.
2. Whether or not to impeach the President.
3. A bill before the state legislature.
4. A bill before the U.S. Senate.
The Bessemer process was a method of producing cheap
1. oil
2. steel
3. electricity
4. cotton cloth
With the passage of the Seventeenth Amendment, senators were chosen by
1. popular vote.
2. the President.
3. state legislatures.
4. the electoral college.
Which industrial leader is incorrectly matched with his industry?
1. Carnegie-steel
2. J.P. Morgan-banking
3. Vanderbuilt-railroads
4. Rockefeller-meatpacking
The rapid growth of cities resulted in all of the following EXCEPT the
1. need for public services, such as water and sewage
2. shortage of housing facilities
3. rise of slums and tenement houses
4. increased democratic freedoms for women and First Americans.
Which President is NOT associated with the Progressive Movement?
1. Theodore Roosevelt
2. William McKinley
3. Woodrow Wilson
4. William Taft
Progressives advocated the recall reform because they wanted citizens to be able to
1. remove incompetent officials between elections
2. abandon both political parties
3. contact the candidates
4. retract unjust laws
What reform allowed all party members to choose their party's candidates?
1. Recall
2. Referendum
3. Initiative
4. Primary System
Child Labor laws were enacted due to the impact of the literature written to expose the abuses of child labor by the
1. Muckrakers
2. Captains of Industry
3. Presidential Candidates
4. National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP)
At the turn of the century, why did MOST immigrants to the United States settle in cities?
1. Jobs were readily available.
2. Government relief programs required immigrates to settle in cities.
3. Labor unions encourage unrestricted immigration.
4. Immigrants were not permitted to buy farmland.
In 1920, the number of cotton spindles in New England was approximately
1. 4,000
2. 11,000
3. 15,000
4. 18,000
Which one of the following statements is supported by the chart?
1. There were no changes in the location of cotton manufacturing in the US from 1900-1980.
2. The South replaced New England as the primary cotton manufacturer over the 1900's
3. New England dominated cotton manufacturing in the US throughout the 1900's
4. By 1980, there were twice as many cotton spindles in the South as there were in New England.
Which of the following events inspired the cartoon?
1. News of the sinking of the Lusitania
2. Senate's debate over the ratification of the Treaty of Versailles
3. U.S.'s pledge to support the Allies at the start of WWI
4. President Wilson's request for Congress to declare war on Germany.
What is the purpose of the cartoon?
1. Rally support for the Treaty of Versailles.
2. Urge American participation in the League of Nations
3. Break up the allied partnership that won WWI
4. Warn that the League of Nations would involve the U.S. in foreign entanglements
Who does the groom represent?
1. Italy
2. Britain
3. France
4. United States
A strategic naval base of the United States during the first half of the twentieth century was located in
1. The Bahamas
2. The Hawaiian Islands
3. The continent of Australia
4. The Alaskan Territory
America became eager and willing to go to war against Spain after
1. the battleship Maine was sunk off Cuba.
2. Spanish warships approached the coast of Florida
3. A Spanish minister write an insulting letter about the United States.
4. The price of sugar went up.
The four Allied countries attending the peace conference after WWI were
1. Germany, The United States, Great Britain, and France
2. The United States, Great Britain, France, and Italy
3. Russia, The United States, Great Britain, and France
4. The United States, Germany, Russia, and Italy
Which groups benefited MOST from job opportunities at home during the First World War?
1. Immigrants
2. Blacks and women
3. Farmers in the south and west
4. The unemployed and Mexican-Americans.
The President of the United States during the Spanish-American War was
1. William McKinley
2. William Howard Taft
3. Theodore Roosevelt
4. Grover Cleveland
As a result of the Spanish-American War, Puerto Rico became a possession of
1. Cuba
2. Spain
3. Japan
4. The United States
Which of the following was NOT true of the Treaty of Versailles?
1. France and Britain insisted on punishing Germany for the war.
2. A League of Nations was created to prevent future wars and aggression.
3. The United States had tremendous influence in drafting the treaty.
4. National boundaries were redrawn, creating many new nations.
The United States took the job of "police officer" in the western Hemisphere by declaring
1. The Monroe Doctrine
2. The Roosevelt Corollary
3. The Open Door Policy
4. The Boxer Rebellion
All of the following were reasons for U.S. Territorial expansion overseas EXCEPT to
1. open new markets to American products.
2. obtain raw materials and natural resources.
3. develop strategic military bases.
4. remain isolationist from European affairs.
The United States acquired all of the following territories during ht era of American imperialism except.
1. Alaska
2. Brazil
3. Hawaii
4. The Philippines
Which of the following was NOT a reason for the United States' entry into WWI?
1. To make the world safe for democracy
2. To protect American lives and shipping
3. To gain territory
4. To uphold international law.
The League of Nations
1. was quickly approved by the Senate
2. would be controlled by the United States Congress
3. was strong due to the power of the French and British militaries
4. was objected to by Americans because United States foreign policy decisions would be made by an international organization.
The main reason the United States developed the Open Door Policy was to
1. allow the United States to expand its trade with China
2. demonstrate the positive features of democracy to Chinese leaders.
3. aide the Chinese Nationalists in their struggle with the Chinese Communists.
4. encourage Chinese workers to come to the United States.
What did Theodore Roosevelt mean by the statement, "Speak softly and carry a big stick?"
1. Don't reveal your secrets
2. Be prepared to get your way by force
3. Be prepared to compromise
4. Treat foreign governments form a position of weakness.
The United States wanted to build the panama Canal in order to
1. gain control of Panama
2. strengthen the economy of Panama
3. make money by charging of rates use
4. link the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans
The League of Nations was formed as a part of the
1. Central Powers
2. Armistice
3. Allied Powers
4. Versailles Treaty
The main objective of President Woodrow Wilson's Fourteen Points was to
1. establish a military alliance with European nations.
2. punish Germany for causing WWI
3. provide for a just and lasting peace
4. encourage open immigration in industrial nations.
The President who is credited with the Panama Canal project was
1. William Howard Taft
2. Theodore Roosevelt
3. William McKinley
4. Woodrow Wilson
The Senate failed to ratify the Treaty of Versailles because it
1. wanted more money
2. wanted more territory
3. opposed the League of Nations
4. opposed the formation of the U.S.S.R.
The Open Door Policy stated that all nations should
1. stop trading with China
2. own their own ports in China
3. have equal trading rights with China.
4. start exchange programs with China.
Franklin D. Roosevelt is associated with which of the following quotes?

i. "I pledge to you, I pledge myself, to a new deal for the American people.

ii. "The country is in the midst of an era of prosperity
more extensive and of peace more permanent than it had
ever before experienced."

iii." The only thing we have to fear is, fear itself."
1. i only
2. i and ii only
3. i and iii only
4. ii and iii only
5. i, ii, and iii
Which of the following is an INCORRECT statement concerning the Tariff Act of 1930?
1. The Tariff Act of 1930 is probably refereed to as the Hawley-Smooth Act
2. The Tariff Act of 1930 produced retaliatory tariffs in other countries.
3. The Tariff Act of 1930 was a cause leading to the Great Depression
4. The Tariff Act of 1930 resulted in lowering the tariffs on imports.
What practice in farming and industry weakened the economy in the 1920's
1. Unionization
2. Overproduction
3. Underproduction
4. Institutional investing
A major goal of the government in creating the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) and the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) was to
1. increase the government’s tax revenue
2. provide jobs for the unemployed
3. restore the public's faith in financial institutions
4. stimulate economic growth
One of the major causes of the Great Depression was the
1. overproduction of goods during the 1920's
2. increase in the federal taxes consumers were forced to pay
3. increased power of labor unions during the 1920's
4. large number of public works projects begun by President Hoover.
The passage of the immigration acts of 1921 and 1924 indicated that the United States wished to
1. encourage cultural diversity
2. reduce the number of immigrants
3. play a larger role in international affairs
4. continue the immigration policies followed during most of the 19th century
Which is the common argument against raising tariffs on imported goods?
1. Foreign trading partners may retaliate and reduce their purchases of American-made goods.
2. Foreign products are almost always more expensive than goods made in the United States.
3. Levying taxes on imported goods may be unconstitutional.
As the American economy grew during the 1920's, more and more Americans
1. bought goods on credit.
2. stopped investing in the stock market.
3. came to support the Democratic Party.
4. sympathized with the demands of labor.
One reason for the Stock Market Crash of 1929 was that
1. many people bought stocks on margin.
2. there was not much demand for livestock in 1929.
3. strict government regulations kept many people from buying stocks.
4. American manufactures were forced to lower prices because of foreign competition.
World War II finally ended the Great Depression because
1. of the great demand for weapons and supplies.
2. people were too concerned about the war to worry about the economy.
3. Roosevelt ordered the New Deal to end.
4. the United States began to purchase more goods from European nations.
The most urgent task facing President Roosevelt in 1933 was
1. tariff reform
2. relief for the unemployed.
3. keeping the nation out of war.
4. protecting the nation's territorial possessions.
When the Great Depression began, many people thought that the economic bad times were
1. part of the normal business cycle.
2. necessary to bring about a New Deal.
3. a communist plot to weaken the country.
During the presidential campaign of 1932, Franklin Roosevelt inspired voters by promising
1. tax cuts.
2. a quick return to prosperity.
3. a continuation of Prohibition.
4. a New Deal for the American People.
October 29, 1929 is the date of
1. the Stock Market Crash.
2. the execution of Sacco and Vanzetti.
3. the communist takeover of Russia.
4. the passage of the 19th Amendment.
What was the goal of the Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1933?
1. To end a system of farm subsidies.
2. To provide hydroelectric power.
3. To increase agricultural production.
4. To lower production and raise farm prices.
Which of the following was NOT a type of New Deal program?
1. Relief
2. Recovery
3. Redesign
4. Reform
Which was NOT true of Japanese American during WWII?
1. They were interned in camps.
2. They were the target of racial prejudice.
3. They served in the American Armed Forces.
4. They were given important positions in the federal government.
What organization was formed near the end of WWII in an attempt to prevent future global wars?
1. League of Nations
2. NATO
  (North Atlantic Treaty Organization)
3. United Nations
4. Warsaw Pact
On December 7, 1941 the Japanese launched a surprise attack on the U.S. Naval base at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii. What strategic advantage did the Japanese hope to gain by launching the attack?
1. They hoped to control the overland trade routes to China.
2. They hoped to boost the morale of U.S. troops in the Pacific.
3. They hoped to eliminate the population of U.S. citizens in Hawaii.
4. They hoped to eliminate the U.S. Navy as a threat to Japan in the Pacific.
Japanese-American were interned during WWII because
1. of numerous acts of sabotage committed by Japanese-Americans.
2. of strong anti-Japanese prejudice on the West Coast.
3. Japanese-American refused to serve in the military.
4. Japanese-Americans were not citizens and were loyal to Japan.
An immediate effect of the Lend-Lease program was that
1. Western Europe recovered from the damage caused by WWI.
2. the Soviet Union formed the Warsaw Pact.
3. Japan declared war against the United States.
4. the United States provided critical aid to Great Britain and the Soviet Union.
The United States used all of the following to help win WWII EXCEPT
1. reliance on an all volunteer army.
2. rationing of essential products.
3. using bonds and income taxes to finance the war.
4. retooling of businesses from peace time to war time production.
Naval and air battles at Midway and the Coral Sea showed that the United States
1. had to rebuilt its fleet.
2. would soon start fighting in China.
3. was capable of halting Japan's advance in the Pacific.
4. would have to yield to the might of the Japanese navy.
What precedent was established by the Nuremberg war crimes trials?
1. National leaders can be held responsible for crimes against humanity.
2. Only individual who commit murder during a war can be guilty of a crime.
3. Defeated nations cannot be forced to pay reparations.
4. Defeated nations can be occupied by the victors.
The American general who directed the Allied forces in the invasion of Europe was
1. George S. Patton
2. Chester W. Nimitz
3. Douglas MacArthur
4. Dwight D. Eisenhower
"A date that will live in infamy" describes
1. D-Day
2. the attack on Pearl Harbor
3. the dropping of the atomic bomb
4. the German invasion of Poland
The "Final Solution" was
1. Germany's plan to win the war in Europe at the Battle of the Bulge.
2. Japan's plan to attack Pearl Harbor.
3. the American decision to use the atomic bombs.
4. Germany's decision to exterminate all Jews.
What was the turning point on the Russian Front?
1. The Soviet defeat at Moscow
2. The Japanese defeat at Iwo Jima.
3. The Italian defeat at Sicily.
4. The Germany defeat at Stalingrad.
Which of the following was NOT a factor in Truman's decision to use the atomic bomb.
1. Persuading Japan to surrender.
2. Avoiding having to invade Japan.
3. Reducing American military losses.
4. Preventing Germany from aiding Japan.
The long awaited invasion of France on June 6, 1944 is sometimes called
1. D-Day
2. V-Day
3. Operation Dynamo
4. Operation Porcupine
"Lending a garden hose to a neighbor whose house is on fire" described Franklin Roosevelt's
1. Lend-Lease program
2. New Deal
3. Neutrality Acts
4. Cash and Carry Program
All of the following are true of the Battle of Midway EXCEPT
1. the Japanese victory demonstrated their overwhelming military superiority
2. the Americans defeated the Japanese as they prepared to seize Midway island.
3. a Japanese victory would have allowed them to invade Hawaii.
4. the battle began a series of American victories in the island hopping campaign.
All of the following describe the Allied strategy in WWII EXCEPT
1. the Allies followed a "Defeat Hitler First" plan.
2. the American engaged in island hopping in the Pacific.
3. most American military resources were targeted for Asia.
4. cutting off Japanese supplies through submarine warfare.
This political cartoon from 1941 indicates the foreign policy position of the United States in response to the
1. start of the League of Nations
2. collapse of the global economy
3. beginning of WWII
4. spread of communism to Eastern Europe.
The agreements that attempted to ensure the human treatment of prisoners of war was the
1. Treaty of Versailles
2. Atlantic Charter
3. Geneva Convention
4. Yalta Agreements
The capture of Okinawa was important because
1. it was one of Japan's major cities.
2. a large part of the Japanese army was captured on Okinawa.
3. it was an important source of supplies.
4. American planes based on Okinawa could bomb Japan.
Germany's attempt to force Great Britain's surrender by means of an all-out bombing attack against English cities resulted in the Battle of
1. Landon
2. Britain.
3. The English Channel.
4. the Atlantic.
All of the following groups were affected by the Genocide conducted by the Germans EXCEPT
1. Poles
2. Americans
3. Slavs
4. Gypsies
"Here is the answer which I will give to President Roosevelt . . . Give us the tools, and we will finish the job."
-Winston Churchill: February 1941

This statement MOST LIKELY refers to all of the following EXCEPT Britain's
1. desperate need for United States products.
2. full support for the Lend-Lease Act.
3. staunch determination to defeat Hitler.
4. demand that the United States declare war on the Axis powers.
World War II began immediately after
1. Germany invaded Poland.
2. Germany invaded the Sudetenland.
3. Italy invaded Ethiopia.
4. the signing of the nonaggression pact.
All of the following are true of media and communications during WWII in the US EXCEPT
1. the government censored the reporting of the war.
2. the enemy was portrayed accurately and truthfully.
3. the entertainment industry produced movies that boosted public morale.
4. advertisement campaigns kept Americans focused on the war effort.
NAZI concentration camps were all of the following EXCEPT
1. liberated by the Allies
2. military training schools
3. spread throughout Europe.
4. death camps for millions of people.
The use of the atomic bomb
1. avoided the need for American soldiers to invade Japan.
2. was approved to be used on Japan by Franklin Roosevelt.
3. lengthened the war.
4. on Tokyo and Kyoto was the first in history.
"When we asked them to surrender at Potsdam, they gave us a very snotty answer . . . the dropping of the bomb was just a military maneuver, that is all, we were destroying factories that were making more munitions. All this uproar about what we did and what could have been stopped-- should we take these wonderful Monday morning quarterbacks, the experts who are supposed to be right? They don't know what they are talking about. I was there. I did it. I would do it again."

The event referred to in this quote is the
1. attack on Pearl Harbor.
2. D-Day Invasion.
3. Battle of Britain.
4. Bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki.
"When we asked them to surrender at Potsdam, they gave us a very snotty answer . . . the dropping of the bomb was just a military maneuver, that is all, we were destroying factories that were making more munitions. All this uproar about what we did and what could have been stopped-- should we take these wonderful Monday morning quarterbacks, the experts who are supposed to be right? They don't know what they are talking about. I was there. I did it. I would do it again."

The speaker of this quote is MOST LIKELY
1. Tojo
2. Winston Churchill
3. Adolf Hitler
4. Harry Truman
The passage of a series of neutrality acts in the mid 1930's was an attempt by the United States to
1. be fair to all nations
2. avoid being drawn into another war.
3. provide aid to Great Britain and France.
4. keep Japan from gaining too much power in the Pacific.
Roosevelt's plan to aid England after his reelection in 1940 was to
1. ask Congress to declare war.
2. call for the United Nations to send in troops against Germany.
3. maintain strict neutrality.
4. promote the Lend-Lease Act in order to help the British war effort.
During the early 1960's, the United States had to deal with the building of the Berlin Wall, the Bay of Pigs invasion, and the Cuban Missile Crisis. Each of these events was a direct result of the
1. United States' failure to remain involved in world affairs.
2. concern for the safety of American living in foreign nations.
3. United States continued support of United Nations' decisions.
4. Continuing tensions between the United States and the Soviet Union.
The plan to stop Communist aggression by threatening to drop nuclear bombs on Russian cities was known as
1. detente
2. The Cold War
3. massive retaliation
4. The Eisenhower Doctrine.
All of the following are true about the Cuban Missile Crisis EXCEPT
1. it began within the Soviet Union placed missiles in Cuba.
2. President Kennedy ordered the Soviets to remove the missiles.
3. The United States launched an attack against the Soviet Union.
4. nuclear war was avoided by the removal of the missiles.
What was the outcome of the Korean War?
1. Korea was unified under a communist government
2. North Korea surrendered after the threat of atomic warfare.
3. Korea remains divided almost exactly the same was as it was before the war.
4. Japan controlled North Korea while South Korea remained independent.
Needing to provide security for its people, the Soviet Union
1. decreased the size of its military
2. created "satellite" nations in Eastern Europe.
3. halted scientific research on the atomic bomb.
4. allowed East and West Germany to reunify in 1949.
During the 1950's and 1960'ws, the threat of nuclear was led Americans to be involved in all of the following activities EXCEPT
1. building bomb shelters
2. nuclear bomb drills in schools
3. going to speakeasies
4. making false accusations of communist activities.
The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) was established by the United States, Canada, and the nation of Western Europe to
1. negotiate with the Soviet Union
2. retaliate against the Warsaw pact
3. prevent further Soviet aggression.
4. increase trade between the U.S. and Soviet Union.
At the end of WWII, the Soviet Union controlled the governments of most of the nations of
1. Southeast Asia
2. Eastern Europe
3. Western Europe
4. Central America
All of the following were benefits Virginia enjoyed during the Cold War EXCEPT
1. the increase in the number of military bases that were built
2. the increase in defense contracts.
3. the decrease in sales tax.
4. the building of the Pentagon.
The communist takeover of this nation in 1949 increased American fears of communist domination of the world?
1. East Germany
2. Yugoslavia
3. China
4. Hungary
Under the Marshall Plan, the United States tried to
1. control all of Asia.
2. end the Korean War.
3. rebuilt postwar Europe.
4. fight Communism in Southeast Asia.
The term "McCarthyism" has come to symbolize
1. unfounded accusations of disloyalty and a climate of fear.
2. the protection of the constitutional rights of accused persons.
3. integration in public education.
4. attempts to encourage totalitarian dictatorships.
All of the following represent the fundamental values of the United States EXCEPT
1. democratic political institutions.
2. Socialism
3. a free market economy
4. Capitalism
All of the following represent the fundamental values of the Soviet Union EXCEPT
1. Socialism
2. Communism
3. a totalitarian government.
4. a free market economy
Which military alliance did the Soviet Union and its Eastern European allies form?
1. Warsaw Pact
2. NATO
3. United Nations
4. League of Nations
Charges that America had given Soviet scientists helped in building an atomic bomb led to the arrest of
1. Alger Hiss
2. Joseph McCarthy
3. Whittaker Chambers
4. Ethel and Julius Rosenberg.
Citing the Monroe Doctrine (1823) and risking nuclear war, President Kennedy demanded the removal of land-based Russian nuclear missiles form the Western Hemisphere during the
1. Cuban Missile Crisis
2. invasion at the Bay of Pigs
3. creation of the Good Neighbor Policy.
4. first hundred days of his administration.
The purpose of the Bay of Pigs invasion was to
1. remove the Berlin Wall.
2. remove Castro as leader of Cuba.
3. permanently divide the city of Berlin.
4. help people escape from the Soviet Union.
Who led the revolution that took over Cuba in 1959?
1. Mao Zedong
2. Chiang Kai-Shek
3. Nikita Khrushchev
4. Fidel Castro
Mikhail Gorbachev
-I. promoted perestroika, a restructuring of the Soviet Union's economy

-II. encouraged glasnost, an openness of political and cultural affairs.

-III. transferred power form the Communist Party to popularly elected legislatures in the Soviet republic.
1. I only
2. I & II only
3. I & III only
4. II & III only
5. I, II, & III
All of the following contributed to the collapse of the Soviet Union EXCEPT
1. Reagan's defense policies including the Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI)
2. Soviet mismanagement of the government, inefficiently of the economy, and corruption.
3. Soviet victory in defeating Afghani rebels following the Soviet Invasion of Afghanistan in 1980.
4. Nationalist sentiment in the Soviet republics and internal dissidents in Communist countries such as Poland.
Which statement concerning the Soviet Union is NOT correct?
1. The Soviet Union has held free elections.
2. The Soviet Union has established independent states.
3. The Soviet Union has made efforts toward a market economy.
4. The Soviet Union has become a member of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO).
After his election in 1964, President Johnson's basic policy concerning the war in Vietnam was one of
1. seeking "peace with honor."
2. escalation, or expansion of the U.S. role.
3. threatening the use of nuclear weapons while withdrawing U.S. troops.
After the withdrawals of American troops, South Vietnam was taken over by the
1. Chinese
2. Communists
3. Khmer Rouge
4. Army of the Republic of Vietnam
The U.S. involvement in Vietnam was a continuation of the Cold War policy of
1. detente
2. containment
3. shuttle of diplomacy
4. mutually assured destruction.
The conflict that began at the end of WWII and lasted until the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1989 was
1. The Cold War
2. The Vietnam War
3. The Cuban Missile Crisis
4. The Korean War
President Nixon's Vietnam policy was to
1. support an immediate ceasefire.
2. make the south Vietnamese army do more of the fighting
3. stop the bombing
4. cut off trade to North Vietnam.
Which U.S. President said, in a speech at the Berlin Wall, "Mr. Gorbachev, tear down this wall."?
1. George H. Bush
2. Gerald Ford
3. Bill Clinton
4. Ronald Reagan
All of the following are true concerning the American military during the Cold War EXCEPT
1. million served in the military.
2. conflicts were not always popular.
3. many were killed or wounded.
4. military funding decreased.
Why did doves criticize the war in Vietnam?
1. They said it was not being fought hard enough.
2. they disliked Asians.
3. They preferred wars closer to home.
4. They thought it was an immoral war.
"While [Communists] preach the supremacy of the state, declare its omnipotence over individual man, and predict its eventual domination of all peoples on earth, they are the focus of evil in the modern world."
-President Ronald Reagan

This quote demonstrates the
1. permanent success of Nixon's policy of detente with the Soviet Union.
2. achievement of Carter's humanitarian efforts in the Soviet Union.
3. Increased tensions between the Soviet Union and the United States in the early 1980's.
4. collapse of communism in the Soviet Union doe to Gorbachev's policies of openness and restructuring.
The idea that one Southeast Asian country falling to communism would result in the rest of SE Asia also falling to communism was part of the
1. closed shop
2. SALT talks
3. domino theory
4. Watergate Affair
The American public's reaction to the continued presence of the United States in Vietnam could be described in all of the following ways EXCEPT
1. the public was bitterly divided over the war.
2. there was overwhelming support for the war throughout the 1960's
3. college students held massive protest against the war.
4. President Johnson was blamed for the escalation of the war.
The government of North Vietnam hoped to united all of Vietnam into
1. an industrial nation
2. a Communist nation
3. a government ruled by a former king.
4. a nation with close ties to the United States.
Which of the following U.S. Presidents challenged the moral legitimacy of the Soviet Union and increased U.S. military and economic pressure on the USSR?
1. George Bush
2. Jimmy Carter
3. Roland Reagan
4. Bill Clinton
Which communist nation became a rival of the Soviet Union for territory and diplomatic influence?
1. China
2. Cuba
3. North Korea
4. Vietnam
Which Supreme Court case overturned the Plessey vs. Ferguson decision?
1. Marbury v. Madison
2. Schenck v. United States
3. Regents of University of California v. Bakke
4. Brown v. Board of Education, Topeka Kansas.
In the Plessy v. Ferguson case, the Supreme Court ruled that
1. segregation of city buses was unconstitutional
2. massive resistance to segregation was unconstitutional.
3. separation but equal did not violate the Fourteenth Amendment.
4. integration of schools and other public facilities was mandatory
All of the following are TRUE of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 EXCEPT it
1. prohibited segregation in all public facilities.
2. was passed before JFK's assassination.
3. created the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC)
4. gave the federal government additional powers to enforce school desegregation.
The Voting Rights ACT of 1965
1. ended literacy tests
2. gave black males the right to vote.
3. lowered the voting age from twenty-one to eighteen.
4. prohibited federal registrars from registering blacks to vote.
W.E.B. Dubois did all of the following EXCEPT
1. demand for political equality
2. believe that education was meaningless without equality
3. worked with Booker T. Washington for the betterment of African Americans.
4. formed the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP)
The 1963 March on Washington was significant for al l of the following reasons EXCEPT
1. it led to the desegregation of public schools
2. it demonstrated the power of non-violent, mass protest.
3. it helped influence public opinion to support civil rights legislation.
4. the participants were inspired by the "I Have a Dream" speech given by Dr. Martin Luther King.
The first woman appointed to the Supreme Court was
1. Sally Ride
2. Sandra Day O'Conner.
3. Ruth Ginsburg
4. Gloria Steinem.
Who became the first female astronaut in the United States?
1. Sally Ride
2. Betty Freidan
3. Phyllis Schlafly
4. Sandra Day O'Conner
The polio vaccine was developed by
1. Dr. Louis Pasteur.
2. Dr. Jonas Salk.
3. Dr. Edward Jenner.
4. Madam Marie Curie.
The increase in immigration to the United States has led to all of the following EXCEPT
1. a need for bilingual education
2. a decrease in the need for public services.
3. an increase in the number of minorities elected to public office.
4. the push for the federal government to re-evaluate its immigration policies.
The first man to walk on the moon was
1. John Glenn
2. Buzz Aldron
3. Alan Shepard
4. Neil Armstrong.
The quote, "That’s one small step for man, one giant leap for mankind," refers to
1. America's orbit of the earth
2. the first walk on the Moon
3. the creation of the first space station
4. the first successful launch of a satellite into space.
All of the following are examples of technological advances from the past thirty years EXCEPT
1. cellular phones
2. personal computers
3. short-wave radios
4. the introduction of 24 hours news networks.
Education has been made more accessible through
1. telecommuting
2. distance learning
3. cellular phones
4. increased funding for education.
All of the following are examples of racial discrimination experienced by African American following the Reconstruction Era EXCEPT
1. lynching and intimidation.
2. literacy tests and poll taxes
3. integration in schools and public places.
4. the formation and enforcement of Jim Crow laws.
Ida B. Wells
1. launched an anti-lynching crusade in America.
2. opened trade schools to promote economic equality for women.
3. pioneered the Hull House program to help women integrate into the workforce.
4. marched to Washington to demand government action on housing discrimination.
Booker T. Washington is associated with all of the following EXCEPT
1. acceptance of social separatism
2. opening of vocational trade schools
3. demand for complete economic and political equality
4. belief that equality was to be achieved through economic success.
The response in Virginia to the Brown v. Board of Education ruling included all of the following EXCEPT the
1. closing of schools which were to be integrated
2. opening of private academies to avoid integration.
3. decrease in the number of whites moving from urban areas to the suburbs.
4. massive resistance movement challenging federal authority by upholding the states rights doctrine.
The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People's (NAACP) lawyer in the Brown v. Board of Education case was
1. Jonas Salk
2. Malcolm X
3. Thurgood Marshall
4. A. Philip Randolph.
The Brown v. Board of Education decision ruled that
1. states could not tax a public school.
2. school busing was unconstitutional.
3. separate but equal was unconstitutional
4. states could not outlaw the teaching of evolution.
"Telecommuting" refers to a person's ability to
1. work from home using improved technology
2. talk on the telephone while driving to work.
3. commute to and form work much more quickly.
4. earn college credit using the world wide web.
The President associated with the increased support for the American space program was
1. Richard Nixon
2. Lyndon Johnson
3. JFK
4. Dwight Eisenhower.
Issues for working women include
I. the need for affordable day care.
II. equitable pay.
III. "pink collar" jobs.
IV. the perception of a "glass ceiling".
1. I, II, and III only
2. II, III, and IV only
3. I, III, and IV only
4. I, II, III and IV